Anti War and Pro War Movements of the 20th Century

Pro-war and Anti-war movements for the 20th century There have been movements that support or oppose war throughout all of history. The 20th century saw this movement coalesce into a much larger and more diverse series of society changing events. Spanish-American war, World War I, World War II, the Cold War, Korea, Vietnam and Desert Storm were all wars that helped American society evolve into what it is today. For each of the conflicts, there were opposing points of view as to the amount of involvement or to even become involved at all. The pro-war or more conservative point of view lists strength and strong support for our allies as a primary focal point. The anti-war or liberal point of view is more of an isolationist or†¦show more content†¦America entered the war in 1917 after Germany severed diplomatic ties with the United States. The sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 which took the lives of over 150 Americans and the sinking of the Sussex in 1916 also worked to alter the mindset of many Americans. Music of the time included folk songs from Joe Hill such as â€Å"The Preacher and the Slave† which is an anti war song that stems from the working class opposition to the war. â€Å"I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier by Al Pianadosi and Alfred Bryan was a song from the point of view of the mother of a boy that was sent off to war. Her fears are that he won’t come home again and that she raised him to be a good person, not to kill other mother’s boys. Pro-war or patriotic songs such as â€Å"Over There† by George M. Cohan and made popular by Billy Murray is a song from the eyes of a patriotic person who is getting his gun to go over to Europe to help the good fight. Another pro war song was â€Å"It’s a Long Way to Tipperary† written by Jack Judge that is about a man that is off to war but remembers his girl in Tipperary which is in Ireland. World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The United States had an isolationist policy similar to that at the onset of the First World War. The Neutrality Act of 1935 stipulated that the United States would not provide anyShow MoreRelatedU.s. Foreign Policy Policies1297 Words   |  6 Pagessecond chapter will explore how the U.S. intervened in Latin America, more specifically after the World War II. Indeed, the U.S. benefitted greatly from the aftermath of the war. A subsection will be dedicated to the Pink Tide in Latin America, with a focus on the U.S. foreign policy under President GW Bush and President Obama. The overthrown Presidents of Honduras and Paraguay were part of this movement and their outset signals a reversal in the region. 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The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreFeminism, By Elizabeth Ca dy Stanton And Lucretia Mott1300 Words   |  6 Pageseyes of the law. In the 19th century, the first feminist convention was permitted: the Seneca Falls convention for women’s advocates in New York. The convention was held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. These women addressed the idea of improving the rights of women. 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Regarded as an ‘incomplete revolution’Read MoreRichard Nixon Was The Last Liberal Era2168 Words   |  9 Pagesexpanded Great Society legislation, created new and significant federal agencies, and his foreign policy with communism emphasized dà ©tente. However, he did not always agree with the liberal ideologies that he was implementing and, in regards to the anti-war protestors, his administration showed little concern for civil liberties. In comparison to the administrations that followed, he was much more liberal and was the last president to significantly increase the size of the fede ral government. The improprietiesRead MoreChapter 22 Apush Key Terms1694 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod 4 Chapter 22 Key Terms Describe and state the historical significance of the following: 7. Freedmens Bureau Initiated by President Abraham Lincoln and was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War. 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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ( Gdm ) - 1683 Words

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and caused by insulin resistance in the body. Risk factors of GDM include maternal age, ethnicity, family history, BMI, and deficiency of vitamin D. To be diagnosed with GDM, a woman must go through two screenings tests called the glucose challenge test and glucose tolerance test with high blood glucose results. Proper management such as a healthy diet, physical activity, and medications are needed to prevent complications for the mom and newborn. Complications include fetal macrosomia, preterm labor, hypoglycemia, and a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the future. It is exceptionally necessary for healthcare professionals to educate their patients to prevent an increase in the number of cases of GDM and to further prepare the patients on what to expect if they are diagnosed with GDM in the future and to avoid any negative emotions. Keywords: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus, nursing, pregnancy Effects Gestational Diabetes Has on Women and Newborns Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that only occurs during pregnancy and usually goes away after the delivery of the baby (Shin et al., 2013). GDM is diagnosed when the results of the screening tests done during 24-28 weeks gestations show high blood glucose levels (Wang et al., 2012) due to insulin resistance (Senti, Thiele, Anderson, 2012). Insulin is a hormone producedShow MoreRelatedGestational Diabetes Mellitus ( Gdm ) Essay2044 Words   |  9 Pages2016 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus INTRODUCTION Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as a glucose intolerance that has been diagnosed during pregnancy.1 GDM affects anywhere between 1% to 14% of pregnancies and is on the rise due to the global obesity epidemic.1 Such a large range is due to the differences in screening technique and diagnostic criteria. Those who have a higher risk include women who are obese, have a previous history of GDM, have a family member with type 2 diabetes, areRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus ( Gdm )2927 Words   |  12 PagesGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy [1]. GDM is a widespread condition in Indian women during pregnancy affecting nearly 21 percent of all pregnancies [2, 3] nationwide. Prevalence of GDM in India differs from region to region, with 3.8% in Kashmir [4], 16.55% in Tamil Nadu [5], 7.7% in Maharashtra, 7.1% in Haryana [6], 19% in National Capital Region [3]. Epidemiological studies have confirmed the associ ation of GDM with increased feto-maternalRead MoreEssay on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)2085 Words   |  9 PagesGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an intolerance of glucose documented for the first time during pregnancy. It is usually a short-term type of diabetes and the most common health problem with pregnant women. GBM is caused by the way the hormones in pregnancy affect the mother. GDM accounts for 5-7% of all pregnancies (American Diabetes Association, 2010). During pregnancy the placenta develops and becomes the main bond between the mother and the baby. It is used to make sure the baby hasRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesThe prevalence of Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) is growing worldwide. 1-14% of women in pregnancy is affected by DM 1. Due to increased incidence and proposed lower ¬ing of the thresholds for diagnosis the health care cost of GDM can be expected to rise proportionately. The discussion of whether a benefit exists to the treatment of GDM assumes greater importance now than in the past. Even though it has long been known that women with preexisting type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at increasedRead MoreIntroduction. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Gdm)By Definition1257 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) by definition is a carbohydrate intolerance that is developed or recognized for the first time during pregnancy (Chen, Chuang, Fang, Kuo, Lee, Li, Lin, NIen,Wu, 2017). With a drastic increase of GDM in recent years, attention and concern has been brought to the topic. GDM is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes including but not limited to; hypertension, macrosomia, maternal depression, neonatal hypoglycemia and stillbirth (Jagiello Chertok, 2015)Read MoreA Research Study On Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ( Gdm ) Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Follow-Up of Gestational Mellitus in an Urban Safety Net Hospital† Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of high blood sugar that affects pregnant women. It is called GDM in women who have never had high blood glucose readings until pregnancy. This type of diabetes usually develops around the 24th or 25th week of gestation. GDM occurs when the body is not able to make enough insulin or use the insulin that is made for its increased needs during pregnancy. GDM not only causes complicationsRead MoreNutrition Research Analysis1101 Words   |  5 Pages1. Cho, J., Choi, Y., Kim, A., Kim, H., Lee, J., Lim, S., Oh, J., Yoo, H., Yoon,K. Nutritional Intake of Pregnant Woman with Gestational Diabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical Nutrition Research 2013; 2: 81-90. Article from a Korean peer-reviewed journal examined the nutritional intake of 125 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus for over two years. The woman had not been provided nutritional education on how to manage their blood glucose or proper diet duringRead MoreThe Effects Of Gestational Diabetes1016 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its occurrence continues to increase (8). The 2004 analysis by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that cases of GDM are at 9.2%. The American Diabetes Association defines GDM as a condition where glucose levels are higher than normal either at the start or during pregnancy (1). The definition is used whether insulin or only diet modification is used for treatment and even if theRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Type Of Diabetes1369 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes that was first discovered during pregnancy. According to Canadian Diabetes Association (2015), three to twenty percent of women develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). GDM is a result of increased insulin resistance or glucose intolerance. Incidence of GDM varies by age, body weight, and ethnicity. Canadian Diabetes Association (2015) mentioned that individuals who are at greater risk include women over 35 years of age, womenRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus : An Overview1241 Words   |  5 Pages Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Isaac Anzaldua Norma Beardwood (Roper), MBA, M. Ed., RDN, LD, LPC, CEDS DIET 4252 September 21, 2015 â€Æ' Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a disease; which occurs through the insufficiency of insulin being produced or its actions are not being utilized. This occurrence leads to hyperglycemia; an issue in which the amount of glucose in the blood is relatively high. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus falls under the category of DM. GDM also

The Return Midnight Chapter 17 Free Essays

Meredith and Matt were sitting at the breakfast table, which seemed sadly empty without Bonnie. It was amazing how much space that slight body had seemed to fil , and how much more serious everyone was without her. Meredith knew that if Elena had done her best, she could have offset it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Midnight Chapter 17 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But she also knew that Elena had one thing on her mind above al others, and that was Stefan, who was stricken with guilt for al owing his brother to abduct Bonnie. And meanwhile Meredith knew that both she and Matt were feeling guilty too, because today they would be leaving the other three, even if only for the evening. They each had been summoned home by parents who demanded to see them for dinner. Mrs. Flowers clearly didn’t want them to feel too badly. â€Å"With the help you’ve given, I can make our urns,†she said. â€Å"Since Matt has found my wheel – â€Å" â€Å"I didn’t exactly find it,†Matt said under his breath. â€Å"It was there in the storage room al the time and it fel on me.† † – and since Meredith has received her pictures – along, I’m sure, with an email from Mr. Saltzman – perhaps she could get them enlarged or whatever.† â€Å"Of course, and show them to the Saitous, too, to make sure that the symbols say the things we want them to,†Meredith promised. â€Å"And Bonnie can – â€Å" She broke off short. Idiot! She was an idiot, she thought. And, as a hunter-slayer, she was supposed to be clear-minded and at al times maintain control. She felt terrible when she looked at Matt and saw the naked pain in his face. â€Å"Dear Bonnie wil surely be home soon,†Mrs. Flowers finished for her. And we al know that’s a lie, and I don’t have to be psychic to detect it, Meredith thought. She noticed that Mrs. Flowers hadn’t weighed in with anything from Ma ma. â€Å"We’l al be just fine here,†Elena said, final y picking up the bal as she realized that Mrs. Flowers was looking at her with ladylike distress. â€Å"You two think we’re some kind of babies who need to be taken care of,†she said, smiling at Matt and Meredith, â€Å"but you’re just babies too! Off you go! But be careful.† They went, Meredith giving Elena one last glance. Elena nodded very slightly, then turned stiffly, mimicking holding a bayonet. It was the changing of the guard. Elena let Stefan help her clean up the dishes – they were al letting him do little things now because he looked so much better. They spent the morning trying to contact Bonnie in different ways. But then Mrs. Flowers asked if Elena could board up the last few of the basement windows, and Stefan couldn’t stand it. Matt and Meredith had already done a far more dangerous job. They’d hung two tarps from the house’s ridgepole, each one hanging down one side of the main roof. On each tarp were the characters that Isobel’s mother put on the Post-it Note amulets she always gave them, painted at an enormous scale in black paint. Stefan had been al owed only to watch and give suggestions from the widow’s walk above his attic bedroom. But now†¦ â€Å"We’l nail up the boards together,†he said firmly, and went off to get a hammer and nails. It wasn’t real y such a hard job anyway. Elena held the boards and Stefan wielded the hammer and she trusted him not to hit her fingers, which meant that they got on very quickly. It was a perfect day – clear, sunny, with a slight breeze. Elena wondered what was happening to Bonnie, right now, and if Damon was taking care of her properly – or at al . She seemed unable to shake off her worries these last days: over Stefan, over Bonnie, and over a curious feeling that she had to know what was going on in town. Maybe she could disguise herself†¦ God, no! Stefan said voicelessly. When she turned he was spitting out nails and looking both horrified and ashamed. Apparently she’d been projecting. â€Å"I’m sorry,†he said before Elena could get the nails out of her mouth, â€Å"but you know better than anyone why you can’t go.† â€Å"But it’s maddening not knowing what’s happening,†Elena said, having gotten rid of her nails. â€Å"We don’t know anything. What’s happening to Bonnie, what state the town’s in – â€Å" â€Å"Let’s finish this board,†Stefan said. â€Å"And then let me hold you.† When the last board was secure, Stefan raised her from the lower embankment where she was sitting, not bride-style, but kid-style, putting her toes on top of his feet. He danced her a little, whirled her a couple of times in the air, and then nabbed her coming down again. â€Å"I know your problem,†he said soberly. Elena looked up quickly. â€Å"You do?†she said, alarmed. Stefan nodded, and to her further alarm said, â€Å"It’s Love-itis. Means the patient has a whole slew of people she cares about, and she can’t be happy unless each and every one of them is safe and happy themselves.† Elena deliberately slipped off his shoes and looked up at him. â€Å"Some more than others,†she said hesitantly. Stefan looked down at her and then he took her in his arms. â€Å"I’m not as good as you,†he said while Elena’s heart pounded in shame and remorse for ever having touched Damon, ever having danced with him, ever having kissed him. â€Å"If you are happy, that’s al I want, after that prison. I can live; I can die†¦peaceful y.† â€Å"If we’re happy,†Elena corrected. â€Å"I won’t tempt the gods. I’l settle for you.† â€Å"No, you can’t! Don’t you see? If you disappeared again, I’d worry and fret and fol ow you. To Hel if I had to.† â€Å"I’l take you with me wherever I go,†Stefan said hastily. â€Å"If you’l take me with you.† Elena relaxed slightly. That would do, for now. As long as Stefan was with her she could stand anything. They sat and cuddled, right under the open sky, even with a maple tree and a clump of slender waving beeches nearby. She extended her aura a little and felt it touch Stefan’s. Peace flooded into her, and al the dark thoughts were left behind. Almost al . â€Å"Since I first saw you, I loved you – but it was the wrong kind of love. See how long it took me to figure that out?†Elena whispered into the hol ow of his throat. â€Å"Since I first saw you, I loved you – but I didn’t know who you real y were. You were like a ghost in a dream. But you put me straight pretty quickly,†Stefan said, obviously glad that he could brag about her. â€Å"And we’ve survived – everything. They say long-distance relationships can be pretty difficult,†he added, laughing, and then he stopped, and she could feel al his faculties fixed on her suddenly, breath stopping so he could hear her better. â€Å"But then, there’s Bonnie and Damon,†he said before she could say or think a word. â€Å"We have to find them soon – and they’d damn well better be together – or it had better have been Bonnie’s decision to part.† â€Å"There’s Bonnie and Damon,†agreed Elena, glad that she could share even her darkest thoughts with someone. â€Å"I can’t think about them. I can’t not think about them. We do have to find them, and very fast – but I pray that they’re with Lady Ulma now. Maybe Bonnie is going to a bal or gala. Maybe Damon is hunting with that Black Ops program.† â€Å"As long as nobody’s real y hurt.† â€Å"Yes.†Elena tried hard to tuck herself closer to Stefan. She wanted to – be closer to him, somehow. The way they had when she had been out of her body and she had just sunk into him. But of course, with regular bodies, they couldn’t†¦ But of course they could. Now. Her blood†¦ Elena real y didn’t know which of them thought of it first. She looked away, embarrassed at even having considered it – and caught the tail end of Stefan looking away too. â€Å"I don’t think we have the right,†she whispered. â€Å"Not to – be that happy – when everyone else is miserable. Or doing things for the town or for Bonnie.† â€Å"Of course we don’t,†Stefan said firmly, but he had to gulp a little first. â€Å"No,†Elena said. â€Å"No,†Stefan said firmly, and then right in the middle of her echoing â€Å"no,†he went and pul ed her up and kissed her breathless. And of course, Elena couldn’t let him do that and not get even. So she demanded, Stillbreathless, but almost angry, that he say â€Å"no†again, and when he did it she caught him and kissed him. â€Å"You were happy,†she accused a moment later. â€Å"I felt it.† Stefan was too much of a gentleman to accuse her of being happy because of anything she might do. He said, â€Å"I couldn’t help it. It just happened by itself. I felt our minds together, and that made me happy. But then I remembered about poor Bonnie. And – â€Å" â€Å"Poor Damon?† â€Å"Well, somehow I don’t think we need to go so far as to cal him ‘poor Damon.’But I did remember him,†he said. â€Å"Well done,†Elena said. â€Å"We’d better go inside now,†Stefan said. And then hastily, â€Å"Downstairs, I mean. Maybe we can think of something more to do for them.† â€Å"Like what? There’s not a thing I can think of. I did meditation and Attempt to Contact by Out-of-Body Experience – â€Å" â€Å"From nine thirty to ten thirty A.M.,†Stefan said. â€Å"And meanwhile I was trying al frequency telepathic cal s. No response.† â€Å"Then we tried with the Ouija board.† â€Å"For half an hour – and al we got was nonsense.† â€Å"It did tel us the clay was coming.† â€Å"I think that was me bumping it toward ‘yes.'† â€Å"Then I tried to tap into the ley lines below us for Power – â€Å" â€Å"From eleven to around eleven thirty,†Stefan recited. â€Å"While I tried to go into hibernation to have a prophetic dream†¦.† â€Å"We really tried hard,†Elena said grimly. â€Å"And then we nailed the last few boards up,†Stefan added. â€Å"Bringing us to a little after twelve thirty P.M.† â€Å"Can you think of a single Plan – we’re down to G or H now – that might al ow us to help them any more?† â€Å"I can’t. I just honestly can’t,†Stefan said. Then he added, hesitantly, â€Å"Maybe Mrs. Flowers has some housework for us. Or† – even more hesitantly, testing the waters – â€Å"we could go into town.† â€Å"No! You’re definitely not strong enough for that!†Elena said sharply. â€Å"And there’s no more housework,†she added. Then she threw everything to the wind. Every responsibility. Every rationality. Just like that. She began to tow Stefan to the house so they could get there quicker. â€Å"Elena – â€Å" I’m burning my bridges! Elena thought stubbornly, and suddenly she didn’t care. And if Stefan cared she would bite him. But it was as if some spel had suddenly come over her so that she felt she would die without his touch. She wanted to touch him. She wanted him to touch her. She wanted him to be her mate. â€Å"Elena!†Stefan could hear what she was thinking. He was torn, of course, Elena thought. Stefan was always torn. But how dare he be torn about this? She turned around to face him, blazing. â€Å"You don’t want to!† â€Å"I don’t want to do it and then find out I’ve Influenced you into it!† â€Å"You were Influencing me?†shouted Elena. Stefan threw out his hands and yel ed, â€Å"How can I know when I want you so much?† Oh. Well, that was better. There was a little glitter in Elena’s side-eye and she looked at it and realized that Mrs. Flowers had quietly shut a window. Elena darted a glance at Stefan. He was trying not to blush. She doubled over, trying not to laugh. Then she stood on his shoes again. â€Å"Maybe we deserve an hour alone† – dangerously. â€Å"A whole hour?†Stefan’s conspiratorial whisper made an hour sound like eternity. â€Å"We do deserve it,†Elena said, enthral ed. She began to tow him again. â€Å"No.†Stefan pul ed her back, lifted her – bridal-style – and suddenly they were going straight up, fast. They shot up three stories and a little more and landed on the platform of the widow’s walk above his room. â€Å"But it’s locked from inside – â€Å" Stefan stomped on the trapdoor – hard. The door disappeared. Elena was impressed. They floated down into Stefan’s room amid a shaft of light and motes of dust that looked like fireflies or stars. â€Å"I’m a little nervous,†Elena said. She heeled her sandals off and slid out of her jeans and top and into bed†¦only to find Stefan already there. They’re faster, she thought. As fast as you think you are, they’re always faster. She turned toward Stefan in the bed. She was wearing a camisole and underwear. She was scared. â€Å"Don’t,†he said. â€Å"I don’t even have to bite you.† â€Å"You do so. It’s al that weird stuff about my blood.† â€Å"Oh, yeah,†he said, as if he’d forgotten. Elena would bet that he hadn’t forgotten a word about her blood†¦al owing vampires to do things they couldn’t otherwise. Her life energy gave them back al their human abilities, and he wouldn’t forget that. They’re smarter, she thought. â€Å"Stefan, it’s not supposed to be like this! I’m supposed to parade in front of you in a golden negligee designed by Lady Ulma, with jewels by Lucen and golden stilts – which I don’t own. And there are supposed to be scattered flower petals on the bed and roses in little round bubble bowls and white vanil a candles.† â€Å"Elena,†Stefan said, â€Å"come here.† She went into his arms, and let herself breathe in the fresh smel of him, warm and spicy, with a trace of rusty nails. You’re my life, Stefan told her silently. We’re not going to do anything today. There’s not much time, and you deserve your golden negligee and your roses and candles. If not from Lady Ulma, from the finest Earth designers that money can provide. But†¦kiss me? Elena kissed him wil ingly, so glad that he was wil ing to wait. The kiss was warm and comforting and she didn’t mind the slight taste of rust. And it was wonderful to be with someone who would provide exactly what she needed, whether that was a slight mind probe, just to make her feel safer, or†¦ And then sheet lightning hit them. It seemed to come from both of them at once, and then Elena involuntarily clamped her teeth on Stefan’s lip, drawing blood. Stefan locked his arms around her, and barely waited for her to back off a little, before deliberately taking her lower lip in his own teeth and†¦after a moment of tension that seemed to last forever†¦biting down hard. Elena almost cried out. She almost then and there unleashed the Still-undefined Wings of Destruction on him. But two things stopped her. One, Stefan had never, ever hurt her before. And, two, she was being drawn into something so ancient and mystical that she couldn’t stop now. A minute of finessing and Stefan had the two little wounds aligned. Blood surged from Elena’s bleeding lip and, in direct connection with Stefan’s less serious wound, caused a backflow. Her blood into his lip. And the same thing happened with Stefan’s blood; some of it, rich with Power, rushed into Elena. It wasn’t perfect. A bead of blood swell ed and stood gleaming on Elena’s lip. But Elena couldn’t have cared less. A moment later the bead dropped down into Stefan’s mouth and she felt the sheer staggering power of how much he loved her. She herself was concentrating on one single tiny feeling, somewhere in the center of this storm they’d cal ed up. This kind of exchange of blood – she was sure as she could be – this was the old way, the way that two vampires could share blood and love and their souls. She was being drawn into Stefan’s mind. She felt his soul, pure and unconstrained, swirling around her with a thousand different emotions, tears from his past, joy from the present, al open without a trace of a shield from her. She felt her own soul lift to meet his, herself unshielded and unafraid. Stefan had long ago seen any selfishness, vanity, over-ambition in her – and forgiven it. He’d seen al of her and loved al of her, even the bad parts. And so she saw him, as darkness as tender as rest, as gentle as evensong, wrapping black protective wings around her†¦ Stefan, I†¦ Love†¦I know†¦ That was when someone knocked on the door. How to cite The Return: Midnight Chapter 17, Essay examples

Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour. Answer: Introduction KFC is one of the most dominant international players in the global business environment with its presence in over 109 countries and territories throughout the world. From the initial investigation regarding the background of the company, it is informed that the operations of the company are headquartered from USA to serve the needs and requirements of more than 12 million customers each day across the different locations of the globe. Hasan (2013) has informed through his examination that the continuously growing demands of consumers from the international market regarding the food and beverage products are adequately managed and fulfilled by KFC through the fundamental span of the business in the international locations. As part of the study, the company operates more than 4850 restaurants in the United States, whereas the establishing over 15000 restaurant chains in the global environment. It is worth to mention that KFC is a principal subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., which is lar gest restaurant chain business in the world regarding the necessary stretch of operations in over 37,000 locations from more than 120 countries and territories globally (Jabeen Katsioloudes, 2013). From the investigation conducted by WANJA (2015), it is determined that KFC entered in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 1975, whereas the operations of the company have expanded to throughout the country with the help of developing 115 outlets in different locations. KFC operates by adopting a franchise model for conducting international trade activities throughout the various nations including UAE (Taras Gonzalez-Perez, 2015). The business proceedings of KFC are franchised by Americana Group within the country. Core Business and Strategies of Two Branches The core business strategy of any profit making global organizations is based on promoting sales and revenues to enhance profitability and subsequently strengthening the financial position of the organization. Therefore, the particular fact leads the companies to leverage an increasing focus to the marketing strategies and policies for the chosen market environment. The marketing strategies employed by KFC is almost similar to any other large-scale global restaurant chain businesses, as critical approaches to the marketing strategies include executing rigorous customer research while conducting the market testing process at the same time (Ozturk, Joiner Cavusgil, 2015). From the research conducted by Hanif et al. (2014), KFC adopts the combination of market and consumer research alongside an aggressive advertisement campaign throughout the nation for marketing the food and beverage products offered by the company. The similar set of approach is also defined by the company for its in ternational operations, as the powerful commercial campaigns are observed in UAE. Additionally, in the context of UAE, both the celebrity endorsement twinned with the social media advertising is appointed by KFC for offering significant opportunities to the customers for sharing their feedbacks related to the food items and services of the company (Hooper, 2016). In this case, the companys strategy is based on gaining useful remarks from the customers of UAE regarding the addition of new features or their feelings or thinking related to the Halal guaranteed food items. Importance of Understanding International Business Based on the suggestion obtained from Kazmi et al. (2014), In order to develop a multinational product line or ensuring the expansion of business in the global environment, the marketing managers are specifically required gaining a proper understanding of the universal trading concepts and principles. More apparently, the key concepts related to the growth and prosperity of international business help the managers from different departments of the multinational enterprises to take practical decisions. Such decisions assist marketers forming ideal products for global marketing, determining the appropriate sourcing and distribution, and maintaining smoothness throughout the performance of companys supply chain (Hoffman, Munemo Watson, 2014). In the context of KFC, the company values the need of suitable understanding among the companys professionals for facilitating the brands entry in the different market conditions of the global environment including the emerging marketplace of UAE. Based on the survey undertaken by Buerki et al. (2014), it is observed that the precise understanding of the international business activities has helped the firm over the time to ensure success of international operations along with sustaining the overall growth. Culture plays the most important role in developing a useful understanding regarding the global marketing by the managers of a multinational organization (Bremmer 2014). The team leaders and executives of KFC understands the fact that the world in not flat and the absolute demand for one product would vary extensively in another country or setting due to the changes in culture and perception of individuals. Such scenario is the particular reason substantially encouraging the marketing and operating success of KFC throughout the world economy. Key Regulations governing International Ethics and Social Responsibility With reference to the study formed by Baroto, Arvand, and Ahmad (2014), ethics is defined by the individual set of beliefs and perception influencing the decision making abilities, capabilities, behaviours, and activities based on their appropriateness. The study further mentions that each country has its particular set of regulations for governing the ethical and unethical behaviours for the individuals as well as the organizations operating within the industry. The key regulations arguing the alignment of ethics and social responsibilities of the conducting businesses are chiefly considered by the global market players like KFC. Considering the key features of KFC in operating in the market of UAE, it is importantly observed that the companys policy needs is required adopting certain standards in treating their employees and maintaining specific set of behaviours with the other economic agents (Sheth, Sinha Shah 2016). Based on the research conducted by Balakrishnan (2015), KFC needs to introduce a unique hiring and firing approach for its employees in the course of operating in UAE. The individual work further added that shaping up the hiring and firing strategy is based solely on the ability of the indigenous people to perform the necessary job roles. On the other hand, the social policies and guidelines of UAE steer the company to develop an appropriate working environment constituting the involvement of a fair wages system (Hoffman, Munemo Watson 2016). Various Elements of Culture influencing International Business With the help of the scholarly example produced by Hoffman, Munemo, and Watson (2016), it is estimated that language, taste, regional values, and consumer habits are the key cultural factors from the business environment influencing the nature and direction of the operations of a global firm. The particular work has also signified that the combined effect of the mentioned factors varies based on the variety of economic and geographical conditions. Language plays one of the pivotal roles in creating an aggressive advertisement and promotional campaigns by the marketers of KFC. The marketers need to indulge in rigorous market research process regarding market testing and consumer behaviours for building precise mix of messages that should be translated and embedded into the formulation of marketing message (Zailani, et al., 2015). At the same time, KFC had faced an enormous challenge in entering the marketplace of UAE, where the environment is highly influenced by the environmental val ues and tastes among the residents. Zailani et al. (2015) argue that companies like KFC encounter multiple threats during the entering the international market because of the whole new eating habits on the inhabitants require adequate awareness of the global marketers. As part of the process, the company has to redesign its image by adopting an entirely different viewpoint, as the country looks for the Halal tag in their consumption of meals from the outside sources (Baroto, Arvand Ahmad 2014). Similarly, the changing regional values must need to be considered by the organization in designing various marketing approaches. Lastly, citing the work of Bremmer (2014), it is acknowledged that culture and personality are the factors that jointly responsible for shaping up the consumer behaviours in a particular region. The particular research indicates that a multinational restaurant chain business like KFC must need to determine whether the given location is part of an individualistic s ociety or a collective society. Based on the nature of culture in Middle East region, it can be proposed that UAE is comprised of a collective society, where the peer groups have their potential power on the buying decision of the entire nation (Balakrishnan 2015). Hence, the certain factors from the cultural environment have their dominant influence over the rise and progress of KFC in the food and beverage industry. Usefulness of Main Cultural Clusters for International Managers From the analysis performed so far, it is estimated that adapting to the different cultural norms and perspectives in an efficient manner is one of the primary challenges facing the international businesses. Referencing the findings of the study formed by Sheth, Sinha, and Shah (2016), it can be significantly assumed that cultural perceptions, diversity, values, and beliefs are the principal factors associated with the cultural environment of a country that require proper awareness from the marketing managers of a global business organization. The managers must need to define, describe, indentify, and discuss each cultural cluster for constructing a culturally and socially approved approach for the overall business (Kazmi, Naaranoja Worlin 2014). Therefore, the specific understanding suggests that gaining a superior perception about the various cultural groups aids the firm to introduce socially and communally conformed business activities facilitating the desired growth in the chos en market. Apart from that, it was discussed earlier that an economy like UAE, the buying decision of the entire nation is significantly controlled by the cultural groups and peers suggesting the usefulness of extracting detailed insight by the marketing managers of KFC for proliferating the valuable decision making in the international marketing environment. Explanation of the Emergence of Cultural Conflicts KFC and McDonalds are two popular companies representing the American fast food brands have their operational hubs in UAE. It is primarily understood that the fundamental cause of cultural conflict is a failure to adapt the cultural difference through the business models and approaches in a well-fashioned manner. With the help of the work developed by Hooper (2016), it is informed that KFC has faced a significant degree of cultural conflicting issues during its operations in China and Brazil due to the misconception in the promotional and advertisement campaign to disregard the respective tradition of the nations. Hence, it can be observed that failure to comply with the traditional and cultural values during the preparation of the commercial activities would not only hampers the brand image of the company, but also create a considerable hurdle in the evolution of international business (Buerki, et al. 2014). On the other hand, through the involvement of the work of Hoffman, Monemo, and Watson (2014), it is reported that specific revenues of KFC substantially dropped during its Brazilian operations due to the failure to determine the perception of the local consumers during consuming chicken items. Therefore, the global restaurant chains must need to engage in the constant research to recognise the specific tastes and eating habits of the consumers for striving to add new or customised features in the delivery of food items and associated services. Managing Social Responsibility across Borders With the application of Taras and Gonzalez-Perez (2015), corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a continuously emerging resonance in the global economy gaining attention from the marketers worldwide. The particular study reflects that CSR specifies shaping up the approaches and actions of the company for ensuring the delivery of maximum benefits to the community in which the operations are involved. Based on the analysis of the CRS statement of KFC, it is determined that the organization persuades its managers as part of the international venture to play certain set of roles comprehensively addressing the overall social system followed by the country (WANJA 2015). Additionally, the restaurant chain also holds the managers and executives responsible for their duties and respective effects in the individual social settings. International Trade between Two Countries The information disseminated throughout the paper points out that setting up an international business is often a challenging task for the organizations, as the managers and executives relating to the scenario must need to be highly competent and capable of understanding the demands of the target market located in the foreign environment. Here, the variation can be observed between the set of actions and approaches adopted by KFC in UAE and China because of the difference of values, perception, tradition, and cultural conceptions in the two separate geographic locations. KFC assumes two distinct types of customised features for the two separate countries. In China, KFC has to provide increasing stress on using marketing message and developing advertising contents, whereas in UAE, the food items are required complying with the social norms and notions outlined by the cultural cohorts (Hanif, et al., 2014). Conclusion The Middle East is one of the lucrative markets for the western corporations due to the significant growth opportunities provided by the economy. UAE is one of the most popular commercial destinations for raising the standard of an international business model of multinational corporations throughout the world. Because of the entire nation profoundly dominated by the Islamic cultural values, KFC embeds cultural needs and requirements during the formulation of its food items and serving them to the increasing base of customers. For example, the company offers Halal Guaranteed foods to the consumers for capturing the growing opportunities from the particular market environment. Hence, the marketing efficiencies are proved to be the key success factor for the fundamental rise of KFC in the contemporary global environment. References Balakrishnan, M. S. (2015). Americana Group: KFC in Mecca.Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies,5(3), 1-15. Baroto, M. B., Arvand, N., Ahmad, F. S. (2014). Effective Strategy Implementation.Journal of Advanced Management Science Vol,2(1). Bremmer, I. (2014). The new rules of globalization.Harvard Business Review,92(1), 103-107. Buerki, T., Nandialath, A., Mohan, R., Lizardi, S. (2014). International Market Selection Criteria for Emerging Markets.IUP Journal of Business Strategy,11(4), 7. Hanif, M. I., Yunfei, S., Xiu-Yin, B., Shahzad, H. M., Shareef, M. T. (2014). The efficiency of innovative marketing information system: an empirical study of tourism industry of Pakistan.International Journal of Economics Management Sciences,2014. Hasan, M. R. (2013).International Marketing Planning-An Analysis of Burger King. GRIN Verlag. Hoffman, R. C., Munemo, J., Watson, S. (2014, January). Business climate and international franchise expansion. InDoing Business Conference, World Bank Group. Hoffman, R. C., Munemo, J., Watson, S. (2016). International Franchise Expansion: The Role of Institutions and Transaction Costs.Journal of International Management,22(2), 101-114. Hooper, M. J. (2016).The global business handbook: The eight dimensions of international management. CRC Press. Jabeen, F., Katsioloudes, M. I. (2013). Just Falafel: a success story of an international expansion.Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies,3(2), 1-12. Kazmi, S. A. Z., Naaranoja, M., Worlin, A. M. (2014, January). Little knowledge is a huge treasure-Exploring UAE as a keen entrepreneur!. InInternational Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour (BizStrategy). Proceedings(p. 1). Global Science and Technology Forum. Ozturk, A., Joiner, E., Cavusgil, S. T. (2015). Delineating Foreign Market Potential: A Tool for International Market Selection.Thunderbird International Business Review,57(2), 119-141. Sheth, J. N., Sinha, M., Shah, R. (2016).Breakout Strategies for Emerging Markets: Business and Marketing Tactics for Achieving Growth. FT Press. Taras, V., Gonzalez-Perez, M. A. (Eds.). (2015).The Palgrave Handbook of Experiential Learning in International Business. WANJA, L. (2015).Strategic management practices applied by fast food franchises in Nairobi City County Kenya to enhance performance(Doctoral dissertation, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI). Zailani, S., Kanapathy, K., Iranmanesh, M., Tieman, M. (2015). Drivers of halal orientation strategy among halal food firms.British Food Journal,117(8), 2143-2160.

A Comparison of Freud and Fromm essays

A Comparison of Freud and Fromm essays Sigmund Freud was born in Monrovia on May 6,1856. He entered the University of Vienna in 1873 at the age of 17. He finished his degree in 1881. Freud died in England in 1939. He was an active therapist, theorist and writer to the very end. ( Ewen 19-20) Erich Fromm was born four years after Freud in 1900 in Frankfurt, Germany. Unlike Freud, Fromm had no medical training in his background. He received his PHD from the University of Heidelberg and later studied at Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. Erich Fromm died March 16, 1980 in Switzerland. (Ewen 187) While Freud and Fromm were contemporaries and shared some basic beliefs, their approach to most issues varied greatly. Freuds attitude was purely scientific. Fromm desired to humanize things. Fromm accepted the importance of unconscious, biological drives, repression and defense mechanisms, but rejected Freuds theory of id, ego and superego. Fromm did not believe in specific developmental stages. He believed that the growing child slowly learns to distinguish between I and not I, through contact with the environment, notably those involving the parents.(Ewen 194) Fromm contends that personality development continues into adulthood. He believes that if a child keeps up with the increasing feelings of isolation, that anxiety can be kept to a minimal and personality development proceeds normally. Freuds well-known theory is that the personality is determined during the first five years of life. He believes we proceed through a series of psychosexual stages: oral, anal, urethral, phallic, a latency period and genital. Freud contends that the genital stage is the goal of normal development and that it represents true maturity. ( Hansen 25-26) Fromm warns against pathogenic behavior because it can damage the childs sense of reliance. He believed healthy pers...

Maths Statistic Coursework Essay Example

Maths Statistic Coursework Essay Example Maths Statistic Coursework Essay Maths Statistic Coursework Essay I have been given the task of finding what affects the price of a used car, using a spreadsheet given to me displaying data on a hundred cars with data on about each car. The data on the cars were: (See Spreadsheet 1)Make Model Price When NewUsed Price Age ColourEngine Size Fuel Type MPGMileage Service OwnersLength of MOT Tax (Months left) Insurance GroupDoors (Amount) Style Central LockingSeats Gearbox Air ConditioningAirbagsImmediately from looking at those categories I omitted colour, fuel, service, doors, style, central locking, seats, gearbox, air conditioning and airbags. I omitted this data because it is of a low range of contains words, these would be hard to show on graphs and would show me little evidence of what affects a used car price.E.g. Colour: Cannot produce a scatter graph as it uses words.Seats: Has a range of 2-5 and would produce poor scatter graphs and would be hard to find a direct relationship on.Then from the remaining categories I picked age, insurance group , MPG, mileage and of course used price, as this is what I was investigating. It then dawned one me that I could use the depreciation price, the price when I took the used price away from the new, this perhaps could be a more accurate look at the data as some cars depreciate quicker than others. Looking further into that work I decided against it as it would take longer and time was of the essence, but this was perhaps an extension that could be added on at the end.Reasons Why* Age: Has a large range and would be interesting to see what sort of relationship there is* Insurance Group: Again a wide range.* MPG: Grouped data could be used on cumulative frequency graph and has quite a large range.* Mileage: Huge range and a definite effecter of used price but would be interesting to exactly how much.SampleI was given 100 cars but to investigate this would be very time consuming so I would have to bring that number down. In the end I chose to do a 40 car sample as it is a round number, l ower than 100 but still big enough to display a fair representation of the data supplied.Sampling MethodNow Ive decided how big I need my sample, I know have to decide how I will sample. There are two main methods random or stratified, eventually I want to try both but for now I will use a random sample. To do this I will use the random number function on my calculator.I press the random number button and a 3 decimal place number is displayed, I then picked the first 2 numbers and used this as my sampling method. If a number was repeated I ignored it and chose again.EG.Random produced number 0.311 so I chose car number 31Random produced number 0.981 so I chose car number 91Using this sampling method I chose my first group of cars. They ended up being numbers.1 2 4 5 7 8 15 16 17 18 21 22 24 26 27 31 32 35 37 38 44 51 53 63 65 67 68 70 71 73 76 77 83 86 91 95 96 97 98 98From these car numbers I made a table with all the data on the cars above thats I needed such as used price, MPG an d mileage. (See Spreadsheet 2)From this data I complied for scatter graphs on:* Age against used price* MPG against used price* Mileage against used price* Insurance group against used priceI used scatter graphs as they will display relationships between the data, which is why used price is in everyone. A scatter graph will also give me the ability to put a line of best fit in giving me the ability to predict future data.Predictions* For age I believe there will be a very strong negative correlation as the older the car gets the lower the price.* For MPG I believe there will be a weak positive correlation as the higher the MPG the higher the price but I believe it doesnt affect it that much.* For mileage I believe there will be a very strong negative correlation as the mileage increases the price will decrease.* For insurance group I believe there will be a weak negative correlation as the higher the insurance group the price will decrease but not by much.As you can see from my pred ictions I believe that mileage will affect used price the most while insurance group will affect it the least from the ones I chose.See scatter graphs 1, 2, 3 and 4.Conclusions of Random Sampling.As you can see some of my predictions were right while others werent.* Age was a big effecter of price and had quite a strong negative correlation as I predicted.* MPG again had a very strong negative correlation showing it did affect price a lot, which I predicted wrongly.* Mileage had quite a strong negative correlation but not very strong as I said. It shows mileage affects price but only to a degree by the shape of the graph it appears a curved line of best fit would suite it better but I shall leave that to that.* Insurance group did have a positive correlation and quite a strong one at that, showing as the insurance group went up so did used price.ObservationsAs you can see on all of the graphs there are pieces of data that are way of the lines of best fit and away from the rest of th e data. I purposely kept this data in as it gives me a valid reason to do another sampling method. This data can be called anomalies as they differ from the rest of the data. I could cut this data out to make the sample fairer but then it wouldnt be a true random sample.With these observations made I can say a few things of what affects used car prices but now I shall move on and use a stratified sample and see if the data is more reliable.StratifiedA stratified sample is one where all the data has been put into an order and then a then picked out. For my stratified sample I have ordered them by mileage and then grouped the mileage and picked 40% from each group. This ensures I get 40 cars again so I can evenly compare the random and stratified samples.The mileage groups were. 0-50005000-10,00010,000-20,00020,000-40,00040,000-70,00070,000-110,000With these sorted I took 40% at random from each group and ended up with this. I ensured it was random by drawing numbers out of a hat resp ective to the numbers of the car, I then noted that number and placed in back in so each time the chance of drawing a single card was equal and didnt change. If I drew the same one twice I simply ignored that, placed it back in and redrew. (See Spreadsheet 3)If actually counted there are 41 cars. As 40 and 41 are very close, rather than tamper with any results which could make them biased I simply left them.From this data I then compiled scatter graphs on them just as before.Predictions* Age, I believe that there will be a strong negative correlation as there was before but as this is supposedly a more reliable sample it should be more evident.* MPG, I believe there will be a strong negative correlation as there was before but should be more evident due to sample being more reliable.* Mileage should have a strong negative correlation due to reasons above.* Insurance group should have a strong positive correlation due to reasons mentioned above.See graphs 5,6,7 and 8.Conclusions on S tratified Sampling.As you can see some very strange results came up.* Age showed the very strong negative correlation as I said there would be.* MPG showed a strong negative correlation as well as I said.* Mileage proved very weird. The data was in two groups basically one showing high mileage and low price while the other low mileage and low price. From this I can deduce that the mileage is a limiting factor of used price.* Insurance group showed no correlation with data all over the place, show perhaps my random sample was a mishap and in fact insurance has no relationship or very little with used price.ObservationsCorrelations were generally a lot tighter showing that stratified sampling alleviates anomalous data but can provide strange results, such as mileage for example. This result however may not be wrong but in fact right and the random results were wrong. To find out this I shall become more specific and look at another way of representing data.HistogramsAfter some thought a great way of comparing two sets of data and in a visual manner would be a histogram.To make a histogram I would have to group the mileages this however was easy as I shall take the groups I did for my stratifying of the data.The mileage groups were. 0-50005000-10,00010,000-20,00020,000-40,00040,000-70,00070,000-110,000I then made a tally chart with the groups and both random and stratified data.RandomMileage GroupTallyFrequency0-500015000-10,000110,000-20,000520,000-40,0001440,000-70,0001970,000-110,0002StratifiedMileage GroupTallyFrequency0-500015000-10,000210,000-20,000420,000-40,0001140,000-70,0001870,000-110,0005Then to construct a histogram I would have to work out the frequency density to go on the horizontal axis, this is worked out by.Frequency Density = FrequencyGroup WidthSo I ended up with this.Mileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density.0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00011/5000=0.000210,000-20,00055/10,000=0.000520,000-40,0001414/20,000=0.000740,000-70,0001919/30,000-0.00063 70,000-110,00022/40,000=0.00005RandomMileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density.0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00011/5000=0.000210,000-20,00055/10,000=0.000520,000-40,0001414/20,000=0.000740,000-70,0001919/30,000-0.0006370,000-110,00022/40,000=0.00005StratifiedMileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density.0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00011/5000=0.000210,000-20,00055/10,000=0.000520,000-40,0001414/20,000=0.000740,000-70,0001919/30,000-0.0006370,000-110,00022/40,000=0.00005Mileage GroupFrequencyFrequency Density0-500011/5000=0.00025000-10,00022/5000=0.000410,000-20,00044/10,000=0.000420,000-40,0001111/20,000=0.0005540,000-70,0001818/30,000=0.000670,000-110,00055/40,000=0.000125Predictions* I predict that the random histogram will have a much more erratic distribution of car mileage while the stratified distribution will be more of bell shape displaying the majority in the mid range with low or no extreme values displayed.I then proceeded to draw the graphs.See Graphs 9, 10 and 11Results* As seen o n the two histograms there are some slight differences. The spread of the random sample is a little more erratic and uneven than that of the more bell shaped graph the stratified data shows. From this you could deduce that the stratified sample is a more reliable source of data than a random sample.* From individual graphs you can see that the majority of the cars are around the 20,000 to 60,000 miles range in both the random and stratified samples. Standard deviation could perhaps tell me which sample is more accurate so that could be an extension to the work done.* I mentioned a bell shape graph before. By this I mean one, which slowly goes up to a peak then reduces down, with the majority of the data displayed in the middle and only some or no data displayed in the highest and lowest areas.However from the histograms I did not find any reasoning behind the weird shaped and correlated stratified scatter graph. Further investigation into this could prove interesting.Overall Conclus ionFrom all the work carried out above you can clearly see that many different things affect used car prices and some more than others. You could say that the different categories are limiting factors and a culmination of these results in the depreciation of a cars price.As a further investigation I would look into the strange scatter graph produced by my stratified mileage sample. Perhaps using standard deviation or other data representation methods I could find out why it is so peculiar. I could also look at how one category affects another such as engine size and mileage or engine size and MPG and find a relationship between those. There are many more aspects that I could of considered but however from the work Ive done there are things that are certainly clear.

Approaches and methods in language teaching Assignment

Approaches and methods in language teaching - Assignment Example It should not contain any contradicts within the material to be used. We know that an approach is unquestionable but a method is technical in its application. There can be different methods within one approach. As described by Anthony’s model (1963) an approach illustrates all the assumptions and beliefs related with language and language learning in a broader manner however, a method is a way through which one can implement the theory in a practical framework. A method also defines the methods to be used, skills to be taught, content to be analyzed and more specifically, the order in which the content should be presented. The Grammar-Translation Method : This technique was established in the 18th century. The main aim behind the development of this method was to infuse modern ways of teaching languages to school children. The method was an adoption of the techniques used by the individual learners who were studying classical languages like Greek and Latin. The method revolves around the understanding of the grammar and translating the original contents into learner’s native language. This method enabled the teachers to develop a better understanding of grammar techniques and the rules applied. This technique also differs from communicative language teaching (CLT). The main focus of the Grammar-Translation Method is to translate the words and difficult phrases for the ease of the students into their language from the language they intended to learn. The Direct Method: The Direct Method was coined in the early 20th century. It was formulated to eliminate the problems related with Grammar-Translation. The Direct Method involved the direct learning of the lessons in the target language. This method had a significant value in the learning of the target language as the form of language used for giving instructions to the students. This method is also considered viable and important in the learning programs till today. This method developed in 1920s has transformed into a more advanced method which is now known as Situational Learning Teaching. Audiolingulaism: Audiolingulaism was underpinned during 1950s and 1960s. It was formulated during the times when it was thought that learning a new language is comparable to learning new habits. Learners were emphasized on the need to learn the grammar of the new language. The main emphasize was not laid on the language rules to be followed but to respond to the situation. The students were asked to produce sentences for that particular situation. Teachers focused the students on speaking and listening of the language as compare to reading and writing. It was thought that speaking and listening are the fundamental pillars in learning a new language. Drill was the most common characteristic of an audiolingual class. It was the kind of activity in which the teacher used different prompts for the students to produce a sentence by using the proper grammatical structure. For example; Teacher : ( holding up a picture of a post office) Where’s Mary going ?, Learner : She’s going to the post office. However, today the value of drills is considered limited as such methods are found less useful for the speakers to interact with other people naturally. Presentation-Practice-Production or PPP : In this technique, a teacher creates the understanding of the new language either by playing a recorded dialogue or making the learner to read a written text. The learners are then required to

ACS-secondary prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ACS-secondary prevention - Essay Example has improved in the past 10 years. Based on solid clinical evidence and new drugs and devices, the rate of secondary M.I.’s and morbidity can be reduced substantially with proper post-M.I. medical intervention (Hinstridge 1991). Newer findings demonstrate that aggressive post-M.I. treatment can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, as well as improving a patient’s quality of life years. Compliance remains a major issue, both in terms of taking medications and ceasing behaviours which can contribute to secondary ACS. The special concentration of this paper will be on patients while in the cardiac unit and in the following critical weeks. This paper also deals with the role of the ACS nurse in the regional cardiac care setting. Despite the overwhelming evidence that following new, more aggressive proceedures can save lives, there is still some resistance from staff to make the changes necessary to assure that the new guidelines are followed. Recent data gathered by the British Heart Foundation has established the importance of following new, more-aggressive guidelines in the treatment of post-ACS patients in order to assure a reduced risk of secondary events. The NHS is committed to instituting new interventional techniques (both drug and angioplasty routines), and has begun a policy of installing ACS-specialised nurses in each regional heart center. The reaction of staff to this new specialty is mixed at best (Dunckley 2006). Effective implementation of new ACS procedures starts with EMT response to calls, Emergency Room staff response to patients with M. I. symptoms, and Cardiac Unit response with rapid drug and angioplasty treatment. Such changes require significant staffing and schedule modification, which can be met with resistance, despite the clear evidence that the procedures can save lives. Practical considerations also intercede, as nurses must interpret the new BHF guidelines and ensure that they are followed

Sampling assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sampling assignment - Essay Example nd-picked to constitute a team of 20 students without condition or any other consideration (be it a student of any level, of any particular gender or age). The result of the average of the sample in comparison with the population is showing a relative large deviation since the first sample is just a mere representation of the whole population constituting 20% of the whole population in general. Another aspect of the big deviation is the existence of extreme values within the first sample for instance while student ID no. 1 has zero days for being absent, the student ID no. 7 has 13 days of absenteeism. The second sample of this sampling technique is categorically picked on the basis of gender. The technique seeks to investigate the difference created as a result of the school attendance among the boy-child vis a vis the girl-child. This second sample particularly check the absenteeism rate across the whole school for the girl-child gender. The list of the 20 students randomly picked from the whole population of the 100 students are as stated in correspondence with their ID numbers and the number of days a student has been absent from school over the period. The positive deviation felt in the second sample as compared to the population average is as a result of reduction in sample space from 100 to 20 students for the sampling purposes. The average rate of absenteeism among the girls is slightly higher than the average population average, showing absenteeism is higher among girl-child in school. The third sample of this sampling technique entails the 20 boys among the 100 students population. This sample randomly picks at student from any grade, any age as long as he is a boy-child for this sampling purpose. Their ID numbers are recorded alongside their respective number of days one has been absent from school as follows: The average rate of absenteeism among the boys in the school is slightly above the average rate of absenteeism in the general population of

Speaking In Formal Academic Context English Language Essay

Speaking In Formal Academic Context English Language Essay Oral presentation is the speech or talks that being presented in front of people, for a particular topic interest. The basic component of oral presentation will be the speaker, audience, topic to be discussed, material, and time. Those combining factors will create a good presentation, but it depends on many other factors such as skills, preparation, and knowledge of the topic presenting. Nowadays, English become a global language which is extremely important. Any of the daily activities such as education, and business are using English as a medium of communication. Realizing this situation, thus Malaysian government announced that English is a second language after Bahasa Malaysia, which implies the importance of English. In academic purpose, can be said that all higher education in the Malaysia are using English in the learning process. Malaysian currently still have difficulties in learning English, thus many programs and efforts are being conducted in order to exposed more to people about English. There are some elements that we need to give an attention in preparing and organizing a successful oral presentation. Technically, oral presentation in any field consists of three mains part which is introduction, development of points, and conclusion. Introduction will always deal with preparation and planning on the topic being discussed. Development stage consists of climax of the presentation, where all the point needs to be stress in an appropriate manner. For last stage which is conclusion, it usually ends with the summary of the presentation, and question session from the audience. However, all these three main parts does not work on its own. All the elements need to be used and delivered by combination of skills, enthusiasm, efforts, and person involved. In academic purpose, oral presentation should be easily organized, and the presenter needs to have a deep knowledge about what they want to present. Presenter also should clear the purpose of the topic, and make sure that people can understand on what is being delivered. Many speakers are lack with the skills and confidence level to make an effective presentation. Feeling of stage fright, speech anxiety, or talking error is a common situation happened to the speakers especially for those who are not presenting regularly. In order to overcome the situation, all basic things in presentation also need to be carefully determined. The points like when is the presentation, how long, where is the place, what is the function, who is guest attend, and many more must be carried out before the presentation begins. All these can improve the quality of the presentation. SPEAKING IN A FORMAL ACADEMIC CONTACT A good and effective presentation definitely depend on how well it being structured. Presentation in academic purpose is actually same as other presentation, but different in certain aspect. As be mentioned before, presentation needs to have three important parts which is beginning, the middle, and the end. Beginning process always starts with an appropriate greeting to the audience. Example of greeting good morning ladies and gentlemen, is one of the greeting always being said. Beginning process also includes introducing of the speakers, to introduce who are you, from where, and the purpose of the presentation. The greeting part can be applied each time presentation, but if we are presenting to the same group of audience for many times, introducing part can be skipped. Currently, the most famous ways of presentation is by the aid of power point slide show. Thus it will be a good medium of delivery so that all points can be pointed out clearly. In academic purpose, the slide show will begin in what are the topic will covered, the objective of the subject, and also the brief outline on what the presentation will talk about. This is to make an understanding among audience and could remember certain important information. Purpose should be divided by two, which are general purpose and the specific purpose. General purpose only gives the overview, to present, to summarize, and to discuss the current topic. For specific purpose is the points that we want the audience to take away with them after listening or attending the presentation, or in other word something that really important which needs to be remember. 3.0 PREPARING AN ORAL PRESENTATION In order to have a good communication skills and effective oral presentation in academic purposes, there are some points that can be a guideline. The five key points of the successful oral presentation are as follow: Know your audience Use your voice Body language Presentation aids Practice what to be delivered. 3.1 Know Your Audience In oral communication, the most important thing is we know who our audience is. By knowing the audience, we can know what is the suitable and reasonable points should be put in our presentation. Audience in oral presentation can be a public people, students, employees, or professional team. Thus, in order to prepare this presentation, we need to suite the audience and the content of the presentation. For example, if our audience is a group of secondary student, then we can put some interactive diagram or use simple example which can attract them to listen on the presentation. This is because this type of audience is usually easy to get bored and lost their focus, which only stand for the first part of the presentation. But, if the audience is the professional group like teachers, lecturers, or government officers, the content of the presentation need to be more specific and details as they are the one who have an interest to the topic presented. The presentation need to be more academically, as they want to know details about the particular topic . Audience also consists of two types, which is active and passive audience. Active audience will always involve in the presentation, for example answering question that we ask and give their opinion or question in the middle of presentation. It will be lucky if we get active audience which makes the presentation more interesting and others will also get there information from the ask person. But in current situation for most cases of presentation, there will be hard to find audience in this type. For passive audience, they always keep silent although question or opinion being asked. However, we can change this passive audience to become an active audience. In handling passive audience, more attention need to be given, and if possible just pointed to someone and ask for their opinion about the topic being discussed. Another ways is by giving some rewards for those who standing and give their question or opinion. By this way, we encourage them be active and involved in the presentation. Other than that, we also need to know what the level of knowledge of the audience is. If we are presenting in front of people who are new in the topic, then the presentation needs to be more basic and a bit details. However, if the level of knowledge of the audience is the same or higher, then the presentation needs to be more complete and straight to the point. Thus, to know the audience before the presentation is one of the requirement and necessary. It will help a lot especially in the preparation of material for presentation to the target group. The presentation will be more effective and what we want to deliver can be presented in the most convenience way. 3.2 Use Your Voice In presentation, voice is the medium of communication between speaker and the audience. A good voice in presentation will have a variable intonation in their ways of delivery. Intonation will reflect on the points that being stress out. A loud intonation can be used in stressing on important points and fact, which is things that audience need to be carefully listen and understand. By saying loudly the points, it will attract audience and they will focus on the speakers words. Soft intonation then can be used for the points that are general, or less important. By applying soft intonation, calm condition can be created and this will give some opportunity to the audience in controlling their focus. Speaker also must know to control their voice, and make sure horizontal voice is not being used. While saying something important points, it is also encourage to stop talking for a seconds after the points. This is to create a situation to show that point stated are really important and the speaker show that by silence. However, there are a lot of technique of intonation can be used in order to catch attention, but for an academic purposes, right intonation must be correctly use to prevent lost focus by the audience. 3.3 Body Language Other than a good setup of content and voice tone, body language also plays an important role to the audience. It can communicate and deliver an important message between people which cannot be reached by other method. Body language can be seen in some ways which is: Facial expression Body posture Body gesture Eye contact Facial expression are varies according to the content of the talk. For academic purpose of presentation, the common expression by the speaker is serious expression. Actually, academic purpose is not always dealing with serious and straight expression. A good speaker knows when to apply several of facial expression in order to stress out the point. Expression like smiling, thinking, and confuse expression can create a good psychological effect to the audience. Eye contact to the audience also needs to be controlled. Speaker need to look at the audience from time to time and not looking at the presentation slide or notes in the hand. Any notes or book can be place on the table and can be use as reference, but not for most time. It is not allowed to speaker holding the notes as it shows that speaker are not ready or not sure on what being presented. It is really advisable to the speaker to move around in some radius in the stage. Speaker can move from one side to another slowly in between deliver one points to another. This is to indicate some changes on focus, and keep attention. The transition also can emphasize some points and to clear some points. Body language also is useful to overcome nervousness. While put some expression, we will not feel stress and just do like a normal speaking. In addition, body language can maintain the interest of audience, as they will see variable action and keep focusing. Body language should be natural and friendly, not pretending or force. Body posture can be setup to straight but relaxed, not too technical. Pointing by hand or pointer can be used to indicate part of explanation, in the diagram or table. Negative body language should be prevented. Action like yawning and leaning will indicate speaker is boring. Standing with hands on hips, or arm folded is defensive action and make the presentation not in the right pathway. Other than that, looking at the notes, keep looking at the screen, white board, or floor are also need to be avoided. Speaker also needs to remember to not back turned to the audience, or put a hand in the pocket. Some speaker or presenter also sometimes likes to sway like a pendulum, which is a bad habit. It becomes an annoying action to the audience. 3.4 Presentation Aids In oral presentation the delivery of our idea is one of the most important criteria during the presentation. This is because we want to make sure the audience gets what we want to say and get the basic concepts of our presentation. To make the audience and the spectator pay concentration and follow along the presentation, few different types of presentation aid should be used during the presentation. These aids will increase and gain the audience interest towards the presentation. From help of the presentation aid we are able to make sure that the audience clearly understood what we are going to deliver during the presentation. There are few different types of aid that can be used during the presentation. This aid can be in many different form and types. This is because to make sure that the audience will not get bored with our oral presentation. Among the different types of aid in presentation are the visual aid, video aid, white board and pointer. The uses of the visual aid can enhance the focus of the audiences attention, thus this will make sure that the audience will stay focus during the presentation time. Plus this will help to make our presentation more attractive. Furthermore the visual aid can be used to illustrate points in a easier manner this is because it is easier to understand in visual form but difficult in a verbal form. The visual aid also can be used to reinforce of our ideas during the some part of the presentation. Visual aid also can be used to change focus from aural that the changing the focus of the audience from the oral form into visual form. The visual aid can be very helpful in the oral presentation that involves the motivation; this is because we are able to deliver the idea more easily with the visual aid. Next visual aid also saves time this is because with the visual aid we are able to implement graphics during the presentation. Thus this will reduce the time needed for the explanation for the c ertain points during the oral presentation. This will also reduce the usage of the white board and information to be put on a board. Different types of visual that can be used to convey our ideas are the graphs, maps charts, drawings, images and objects. Avoid putting the full sentences during the presentation with using the visual aid. Next is the video aid in the oral in the oral presentation, video usually contain all the graphics and the image that can stimulate the understanding and gain the interest of the audience. Usually video will come together with the audio which can be very helpful in the brief of the presentation. Sometimes the usage of the video aid can be very helpful, because with the video we are able to understand what are being conveyed easily. Plus there are many different types of graphics that can be used to generate the interest and can make sure the audience stay tuned with the presentation. The video aid can be used for the help of speaker; this is because with the video aid we can reduce the time that is spend during the explanation of the certain points in the presentation. Furthermore the content in the presentation can be very brief and contain a lot of information that can be delivered easily to the audience and the spectators. But avoid using the heavy animation and graphics during th e video aid this is because it will cause the audience to lose the interest in the presentation and can lead to confusion. During a presentation the white boards are used to convey the idea in the simplest form. In addition the white board also is used to give some additional points that are not included in the presentation. The white board are also is used to draw the mind maps and show formulation about something. This will give time to the audience to grasp what are being presented during the oral presentation. Different color marker pens can used to convey the idea by drawing the maps and shortcuts. The usage of different color marker will enhance the memory power the audience, thus this will make sure the audience can remember the each points that are being presented. By using white board also will give extra time for the audience to jot down the important points that are being presented. But the writing of the presenter should be neat and clean this is because neat hand writing will make the audience understand what the points that is being delivered. Another important point is that avoid turning b ack to the audience when about writing on the board. The pointer is one of the important tools that is used as aid during the oral presentation. There are few different types of pointer that can be used such as the laser pointer, stick and even pen. With the usage of pointer we are able to show clearly what are the important point that are being showed in the presentation. This will enable the audience to know about the important point. The pointer also will reduce the movement of the presenter and this makes sure the presenter can present well the presentation. Thus this will also ensure they will not waste energy on walking and can make sure the presenter is comfortable during the presentation period. Apart from that this will reduce the presentation during. 3.5 Practice Points to be Delivered. Practice makes perfect. That phrase should be used in order to have a perfect presentation. For those who are use to give a speech will do not have a problem, but people who are going to present for the first time need to practice a lot. In the presentation, we need to organize and practice especially time frame, fluency of speaking English, any aids to be used, and expected question on particular topic that may be asked. Practicing in front of the mirror or friends can manage to handle with the time frame. Time management is very important in order to deliver points and know where to give more explanation. Practicing also could increase self confidence level as we are prepared on the condition and for the whole presentation. Fluency in English also needs to be alert. There are some words which have difficulties to pronouns, and jargon must be us in limited. This is because some audience will not familiar with the jargon being use, unless the jargon is commonly use and we highly confidence audience understand the phrase or jargon that we use. Question and ask session also need to be practice. The expected question need to be focus on as speaker will dont have any difficulties to answer in the real situation. Some question also need to be asked to the audience to know level of understanding on the topic presented. But do not force audience to give an answer. If possible, find any volunteer to answer the question, and this will create more convenience ways in this session. In explaining some points, rhetorical question can be asked. Rhetoric question is the question being asked without expecting it to be answer. For example, Have you ever heard about†¦, or What does this phenomena imply to us... These questions are asked just to show the problem and need self interpretation about the question. 4.0 CONCLUSION As a conclusion, making an effective oral presentation in English in academic context is not something that too heavy to done. By combining all the factors and points given, a successful presentation can be made. What needs to be focus on is the choice of topic, the way of the presentation, skills in presenting, and the content of the presentation. All this may required certain period to prepare and practice, but as efforts be given in the presentation, there will be easy on the real situation and condition. A good presentation should consist of story line, which determined what should be put in introduction, problem definition, an approach to the problem, findings of the solution, and also recommendation or suggestion to the particular topic. In addition, storyboard also could be used as it consist the same things as storyline, but all points are under the same theme. Presentation in English must be always implemented in the daily life, not only for academic purposes, but also for the other context. This is to ensure that English language can be practiced more often and increase the level of English knowledge. Before going to present, it necessary to double check all the information in the slides, finalize the data, clarity of the visual or diagram use, logical aspect of the information, and also correct English grammar being used.

The Sirens of Titan :: Sirens of Titan Essays

The Sirens of Titan Marek Vit "It took us that long to realize that a purpose of human life, no matter who is controlling it, is to love whoever is around to be loved." (Vonnegut:220) The Sirens of Titan is Kurt Vonnegut's second novel. He has written it in 1959, seven years after his previous Player Piano. It has been described as a pure science fiction novel and, after only one reading, it really can be considered to be one. The intricate plot and fascinating detail may obscure the serious intent of the novel. If compared to other novels by this author, it makes much smoother reading because there are much fewer subplots, digressions and simultaneous developments. The storyline of Sirens of Titan is much more straightforward than in the other works (e.g. Slaughterhouse-Five, Galapagos, Hocus Pocus, Breakfast of Champions etc.) "The Sirens of Titan, for all its wonderings, futurity and concern with larger, abstract questions, transmits a greater sense of direction and concreteness. Rather surprising, too, is the fact that the novel with its science fiction orientation, with its robots and near-robot humans, and with its several central characters who are intentionally presented as being rather cold-hearted, generates more human warmth than Player Piano which is directly concerned with the agonies of exploring and following conscience, emotion and love. Three possible explanations for this fenomenon present themselves: first, Vonnegut's skill has grown in the intervening seven years; second, the science fiction mode affords the author more detachment, and he is less didactic in this work; third, the positive forces, particularly love, carry more weight." (Reed:66) The Sirens of Titan has been, as many other Vonnegut's books, influenced by his experiences from World War Two (The Fire-bombing of Dresden was a benefit just to one man, to Kurt Vonnegut. Over the years, he got five dollars for each corpse, as